Abstract

The widespread adoption of wireless earbuds has raised concerns about potential health risks associated with electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This study evaluated and compared EMF emissions from nine commercially available wireless earbud models across three operational modes: Idle Mode, Music Mode, and Calling Mode. Using an EM Field Meter under controlled environmental conditions, measurements were conducted at a standardized distance of 5 cm to assess electric field strength (E-field), magnetic field strength (H-field), and specific absorption rate (SAR) parameters. Results revealed significant variations in EMF emissions across both device models and operational modes. Calling Mode consistently exhibited the highest emissions with average values of 8.39 V/m for E-field, 1.92 μT for H-field, and 0.007 W/kg for SAR, while Music Mode demonstrated the lowest emissions. The P-Series model produced the highest emissions across all modes, particularly in Calling Mode with peak values of 12.0 V/m E-field, 4.4 μT H-field, and 0.017 W/kg SAR. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between E-field strength and SAR values (R² = 99.1%). These findings emphasize the importance of considering both device selection and usage patterns when assessing potential EMF exposure from wireless earbuds, with Calling Mode posing the highest potential exposure risk due to increased power requirements for voice communication.